Concrete-reinforcement



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CONCRETE REINFORCEWIENT.

APPLICATIGN FILED f\PR.12,191l

l Eig/fi' UNITED STATES PHILIP M. CABELL, OF NEW YORK, N. Y..

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p application mea april is,

To all whom t may concern:

Be it lmown that I, PHILIP M. CABELL,

a citizen of the United States, residing at the city of New York, in thev borough of' `ll/lanhattan and State of New York, have incan be shaped to adapt it for application to structures of various forms and under all conditions to afford any degree of reinforcement from the greatest possible to Vjust 'so much as maybe desired for a give-n structure with the minimum amount of material tlli and at a comparatively low cost of prepara tion.

In the reinforcement of concrete columns, beams and other structures, `it has been the usual custom to introduce metallic rods, bars, sheets `or net-work, which, in order@ to provide for close adhesion and interlocking with the cementitious material, have frequently been provided with roughened surfaces or projections of various kinds, the adhesion of the cement to the reinforcing'` body being relied upon to a great extent to afford the desired strength of the finished structure. "As a rule, the reinforcing material heretofore used has not been constructed and disposed in the structure in a manner to obtain the maximum eiiciency of the com bined materials appropriated for the purpose, and in many instances the cost .of making up the reinforcement into special forms and shapes has been excessive. ln designing my reinforcing structure, I h ave aimed to provide a unit which is susceptible of being bent, curved or otherwise shaped to adapt it for use in connection with, or to conform to, any form of concrete or other cementitious structure, and of being associated with any number of other units of like nature, in nested or other relation to afford the necessary strength to resist all strains to which such structures may be sub jected.y l have also aimed to produce such a unit at the lowest possible cost of material and'particularly at low cost of fabrication. Vlhe reinforcing unit which l have devised is made up of stranded material,`such as Elpecifieation of Letters Patent.

Patented July lQQ..

191B. eial No. llll.

wire or rods, formed into a succession of loopsor strain sections, and pressed into a certain shape, which it is able to retain, until purposely altered, without the aid of mechanical connection between the various parts or members of the unit. By reason of the particular shape of the unit, each of the various loopsof which it is composed may be so placed inthe cementitious structure as to embrace large masses thereof and thereby utilizethe crushing 'force of such masses to resist the strains to which the structure may be subjected when in use.

4The specific construction of the unit and the manner in which it operates will be der scribed in detail in `connection with the ac companying drawing7 ln which:

Figure l is a plan of the unit in the first stage of itsconstruction;`

Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5 show different conven tional forms into which the structure of lfig. l may be finally converted;

Figs. 6, 7 d 8 are, respectively, side elevation, plan and cross section of the device as embodied in the form of Fig. 2;

Fig. 9 is a diagram showing relatively the position of the loops in a finished unit of such form asFig. 2;

Fig. 10 shows the same loops'as in liig. 9 but arranged in the preliminary stage as in llig. l; and

lligsll, l2 and 13 are sectional views of a number of units showing various ways in which they may be assembled for structures `of various shapes and adapted to sustain various loads.

The material which best adapts itself for 4my purpose is wire or thin rods which can be readily bent into a series of coils or convolutions. lli preferred way of constructing the unit is to wind or coil the wire upon a suitable mandrel so that the convolutions will have a common airis and then flattening the coil into mat-form by bending the coils over one upon another, shingle fashion, without destroying their circular or other original form and so that the axes of the various coils will then be parallel instead of all in one line and the coils will all be substantially in the same plane. Such a mat of coils is shown in Fig. l. This mat is then passed between forming rollers, or any other suitable method is used, to convert it into a lill) trough or gutter-like structure by bending it along the dotted lines y, y, thus produc-ing two sides a and b and a top or bottom c, such as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, and imparting a substantially U-shaped cross section thereto. Or, the mat may be folded along one line only and thereby produce two sides meeting at an apexd and giving the structure a V or L-shape in cross section, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5.` In all of these forms, however, each complete kloop 'of the original mat extends from one free edge of the gutter across the top to the other free edge, one-half of each loop extending diagonally from -the two edges of the gutter toward one extremity thereof, while the other half extends diagonally in thel opposite direction. Thus each loop is composed of two U shaped portions indicated in Fig. 2 by 'e and f, Vthe legs of each vof which begin respectively, at the two edges of the gutter and extend diagonally in opposite directions along the sides and top of the unit. When the unit yis thus shaped, the wires or loops of which it is composed retain their relative positions by reason of their inherent rigidity and theirfrictional contact with each other, and the unit, as a whole, accordingly may be transported and handled without getting out of shape. This it will be seen is accomplished without using any fastening means at the crossing points ofthe wires and without any interlacing or twisting such as practised in the making of ordinary wire-net. The item of labor is therefore comparatively small in the fabrication of this unit. When a unit of'this character is embedded in a mass of concrete or other cementitious material, each of the loops e, f, will embrace a considerable mass of the cementitious material and any strains which tendl to fracture the structure along 3 a plane transverse to the unit, will be communicated to both legs of each of the loops e and f and will pull on both in the same direction. These loops will resist the strain to the full extent of their tensile strength, since the strain will be exerted lineally along both legs of each half loop in the same direction. The structure cannot fracture under the strain until either the tensile strength of the wire is overcome or the mass of cementitious material inclosed by the loop is crushed. The resistance which is afforded by one loop in the manner described, is multiplied by the number of loops across which the strain extends. For instance, referring to Figs. 9 and 10, if a strain occurs which tends to fracture the' structure along a plane; indicated by the dotted line it will be resistedby six loops of the reinforcement, three extending to the right and three to the left, each loop being supported by the crushing force of the cementitious material inclosed by it.

of thel units reversed with respect to eachA other and the concrete shot or forced into all the vacant spaces between and around them. For sheathing walls, floors and ceilings the units may be assembled as in Fi 13 where an interlocking elfect is produce this arrangement is especially adapted for the sheathing of a concrete ship, while an arrangement similar to Fig. 1l would be suitable for the keel, frames and elbows of the vessel. rlhe unit, in fact, is adapted for a variety of uses and to kbe used in a multitude of ways as the skill of the operator may devise, all with a view to positioning the loops in a way to exert a crushing force upon the mass in response to all strains to which it may subjected. Other compositions besides concrete may be electively reinforced by means of this unit, rubber articles, particularly wheel tires both solid and pneumatic can be strengthened by incorporating therein one or more of these units.

The shape of a gutter which many types of the unit assume, not only tends to malntain the loops in position and permit of manipulation of the unit, but it locates the loops in successive parallel planes instead of all in one plane, as they are in the mat for` instance. In this way each loop acts independently against a larger mass of concrete than would be the case if one loop were placed ahead of another in the same plane.

By properly shaping the units and disposing them within the structure certain proportions may be predetermined between the cementitious material and the reinforcement to produce a structure of required strength; in this way a given result is produced with a minimum amount of material. It is also pointed out that since a unit or an assembly of units can be given a shape closely approximating that of the finished structure, the concrete or other material can be incorporated therewith without the necessity of providing rigid and expensive molds and forms.

I' claim:

1. The method of forming a reinforcing fabric for cementitious structures consistin incoiling strand material into a spira?, turning the convolutions of the spiral into Oblique to th@ Mis Uf' 1kb@ spifw, Hum

In "wtlmss Wheloil? subscribe my signa ltmr. 

